Question 1

A company runs its microservices architecture in Kubernetes containers on AWS by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) and Amazon Aurora. The company has an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts that host different microservices. The company needs to implement a monitoring solution for logs from all AWS resources across all accounts. The solution must include automatic detection of security-related issues. Which solution will meet these requirements with theLEAST operational effort?

A. Designate an Amazon GuardDuty administrator account in the organization’s management account. Enable GuardDuty for all accounts. Enable EKS Protection and RDS Protection in the GuardDuty administrator account. 
B. Designate a monitoring account. Share Amazon CloudWatch Logs from all accounts. Use Amazon Inspector to evaluate the logs. 
C. Centralize CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3 and analyze them with Amazon Athena. 
D. Stream CloudWatch Logs to Amazon Kinesis and analyze them with custom AWS Lambda functions. 

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Question 2

A company has contracted with a third party to audit several AWS accounts. To enable the audit, cross-account IAM roles have been created in each account targeted for audit. The auditor is having trouble accessing some of the accounts. Which of the following may be causing this problem? (Select THREE.)

A. The external ID used by the auditor is missing or incorrect. 
B. The auditor is using the incorrect password. 
C. The auditor has not been grantedsts:AssumeRolefor the role in the destination account. 
D. The Amazon EC2 role used by the auditor must be set to the destination account role. 
E. The secret key used by the auditor is missing or incorrect. 
F. The role ARN used by the auditor is missing or incorrect. 

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Question 3

A company has configured an organization in AWS Organizations for its AWS accounts. AWS CloudTrail is enabled in all AWS Regions. A security engineer must implement a solution toprevent CloudTrail from being disabled. Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Enable CloudTrail log file integrity validation from the organization's management account. 
B. Enable server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) for CloudTrail logs. Create a KMS key. Attach a policy to the key to prevent decryption of the logs. 
C. Create a service control policy (SCP) that includes an explicitDenyrule for the cloudtrail:StopLogging action and the cloudtrail:DeleteTrail action. Attach the SCP to the root OU. 
D. Create IAM policies for all the company's users to prevent the users from performing the DescribeTrails action and the GetTrailStatus action. 

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Question 4

A company is running an application on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. The application stores logs locally. A security engineer noticed that logs were lost after a scale-in event. The security engineer needs to recommend a solution to ensure the durability and availability of log data. All logs must be kept for a minimum of 1 year for auditing purposes. What should the security engineer recommend?

A. Within the Auto Scaling lifecycle, add a hook to create and attach an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) log volume each time an EC2 instance is created. When the instance is terminated, the EBS volume can be reattached to another instance for log review. 
B. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system and add a command in the user data section of the Auto Scaling launch template to mount the EFS file system during EC2 instance creation. Configure a process on the instance to copy the logs once a day from an instance Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to a directory in the EFS file system. 
C. Add an Amazon CloudWatch agent into the AMI used in the Auto Scaling group. Configure the CloudWatch agent to send the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for review. 
D. Within the Auto Scaling lifecycle, add a lifecycle hook at the terminating state transition and alert the engineering team by using a lifecycle notification to Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). Configure the hook to remain in the Terminating:Wait state for 1 hour to allow manual review of the security logs prior to instance termination. 

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Question 5

A security engineer recently rotated the host keys for an Amazon EC2 instance. The security engineer is trying to access the EC2 instance by using the EC2 Instance Connect feature. However, the security engineer receives an error for failed host key validation. Before the rotation of the host keys, EC2 Instance Connect worked correctly with this EC2 instance. What should the security engineer do to resolve this error?

A. Import the key material into AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). 
B. Manually upload the new host key to the AWS trusted host keys database. 
C. Ensure that the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore policy is attached to the EC2 instance profile. 
D. Create a new SSH key pair for the EC2 instance. 

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Question 6

A security engineer needs to build a solution to turn AWS CloudTrail back on in multiple AWS Regions in case it is ever turned off. What is the MOST efficient way to implement this solution?

A. Use AWS Config with a managed rule to initiate the AWS-EnableCloudTrail remediation. 
B. Create an Amazon EventBridge event with a cloudtrail.amazonaws.com event source and a StartLogging event name to invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the StartLogging API. 
C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm with a cloudtrail.amazonaws.com event source and a StopLogging event name to invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the StartLogging API. 
D. Monitor AWS Trusted Advisor to ensure CloudTrail logging is enabled. 

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Question 7

A company runs several applications on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The company needs a solution to detect any Kubernetes security risks by monitoring Amazon EKS audit logs in addition to operating system, networking, and file events. The solution must send email alerts for any identified risks to a mailing list that is associated with a security team. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Deploy AWS Security Hub and enable security standards that contain EKS controls. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailing list as a subscriber. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to send relevant Security Hub events to the SNS topic. 
B. Enable Amazon Inspector container image scanning. Configure Amazon Detective to analyze EKS security logs. Create Amazon CloudWatch log groups for EKS audit logs. Use an AWS Lambda function to process the logs and to send email alerts to the security team. 
C. Enable Amazon GuardDuty. Enable EKS Protection and Runtime Monitoring for Amazon EKS in GuardDuty. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailing list as a subscriber. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to send relevant GuardDuty events to the SNS topic. 
D. Install the AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) on all EKS nodes. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Logs to collect EKS audit logs. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and set the security team's mailing list as a subscriber. Configure a CloudWatch alarm to publish a message to the SNS topic when new audit logs are generated. 

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Question 8

A company has the following security policy for its Amazon Aurora MySQL databases for a single AWS account: • Database storage must be encrypted at rest. • Deletion protection must be enabled. • Databases must not be publicly accessible. • Database audit logs must be published to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. A security engineer must implement a solution thatcontinuously monitorsall Aurora MySQL resources for compliance with this policy. The solution must be able todisplay a database's compliance state for each part of the policy at any time. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Enable AWS Audit Manager. Configure Audit Manager to use a custom framework that matches the security requirements. Create an assessment report to view the compliance state. 
B. Enable AWS Config. Implement AWS Config managed rules that monitor all Aurora MySQL resources for the security requirements. View the compliance state in the AWS Config dashboard. 
C. Enable AWS Security Hub. Create a configuration policy that includes the security requirements. Apply the configuration policy to all Aurora MySQL resources. View the compliance state in Security Hub. 
D. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs when an Aurora MySQL resource is created or modified. Create an AWS Lambda function to verify the security requirements and to send the compliance state to a CloudWatch custom metric.

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Question 9

A company's security engineer receives an abuse notification from AWS. The notification indicates that someone is hosting malware from the company's AWS account. After investigation, the security engineer finds a new Amazon S3 bucket that an IAM user created without authorization. Which combination of steps should the security engineer take toMINIMIZE the consequencesof this compromise? (Select THREE.)

A. Encrypt all AWS CloudTrail logs. 
B. Turn on Amazon GuardDuty. 
C. Change the password for all IAM users. 
D. Rotate or delete all AWS access keys. 
E. Take snapshots of all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. 
F. Delete any resources that are unrecognized or unauthorized. 

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Question 10

A company uses AWS Organizations. The company has teams that use an AWS CloudHSM hardware security module (HSM) that is hosted in a central AWS account. One of the teams creates its own new dedicated AWS account and wants to use the HSM that is hosted in the central account. How should a security engineer share the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account? 

A. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the VPC subnet ID of the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account. Configure the CloudHSM security group to accept inbound traffic from the private IP addresses of client instances in the new dedicated account. 
B. Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to create a cross-account role to access the CloudHSM cluster that is in the central account. Create a new IAM user in the new dedicated account. Assign the cross-account role to the new IAM user. 
C. Use AWS IAM Identity Center to create an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) token to authenticate from the new dedicated account to the central account. Use the cross-account permissions that are assigned to the STS token to invoke an operation on the HSM in the central account. 
D. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the ID of the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account. Configure the CloudHSM security group to accept inbound traffic from the private IP addresses of client instances in the new dedicated account. 

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